Zhaohui Xia's Publications
Over the years, I have published numerous research papers in top - tier academic journals and conferences. These publications represent my academic achievements and contributions to the field.
Publications:
#2025
※ 
Zhaohui Xia,
Wanpeng Zhao,Yingjun Wang,Peng Li,Mi Xiao, and Liang Gao. 2025. Multi-material isogeometric topology optimization for thermoelastic metamaterials. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer (August
2025), 126995. [Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate
Zhaohui Xia,
Wanpeng Zhao,Yingjun Wang,Peng Li,Mi Xiao, and Liang Gao. 2025. Multi-material isogeometric topology optimization for thermoelastic metamaterials. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer (August
2025), 126995. [Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate
※ Hongshuo
Fan, Jianli Liu, Haobo Zhang, Tao Nie, Jingui Yu, Jianzhong Yang, and Zhaohui Xia. 2025. Evolutionary topology
optimization for elastoplastic structures via isogeometric analysis. Engineering Optimization (January
2025), 1–27. [Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate
Hongshuo
Fan, Jianli Liu, Haobo Zhang, Tao Nie, Jingui Yu, Jianzhong Yang, and Zhaohui Xia. 2025. Evolutionary topology
optimization for elastoplastic structures via isogeometric analysis. Engineering Optimization (January
2025), 1–27. [Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate
※ Jianli
Liu, Hongshuo Fan, Tao Nie, Haobo Zhang, Jingui Yu, Shuting Wang, and Zhaohui Xia. 2025. Multi-objective
concurrent isogeometric topology optimization of multiscale structures. Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering
20, 1 (February 2025), 4. [Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate
Jianli
Liu, Hongshuo Fan, Tao Nie, Haobo Zhang, Jingui Yu, Shuting Wang, and Zhaohui Xia. 2025. Multi-objective
concurrent isogeometric topology optimization of multiscale structures. Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering
20, 1 (February 2025), 4. [Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate
#2024
※ Wenke Qiu,
Qifu Wang, Jian He, Yi Xiong, Liang Gao, and Zhaohui Xia. 2024. Phase-field fracture analysis for implicit
geometric model via adaptive extended isogeometric analysis. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and
Engineering 420, (February 2024), 116742.
[Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate
Wenke Qiu,
Qifu Wang, Jian He, Yi Xiong, Liang Gao, and Zhaohui Xia. 2024. Phase-field fracture analysis for implicit
geometric model via adaptive extended isogeometric analysis. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and
Engineering 420, (February 2024), 116742.
[Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate
※ Jinpeng
Han, Haobo Zhang, Baichuan Gao, Jingui Yu, Peng Jin, Jianzhong Yang, and Zhaohui Xia. 2024. Efficient isogeometric
topology optimization via multi-GPUs and CPUs heterogeneous architecture. Optimization and Engineering
(December 2024). [Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate
Jinpeng
Han, Haobo Zhang, Baichuan Gao, Jingui Yu, Peng Jin, Jianzhong Yang, and Zhaohui Xia. 2024. Efficient isogeometric
topology optimization via multi-GPUs and CPUs heterogeneous architecture. Optimization and Engineering
(December 2024). [Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate
※ Wenke Qiu,
Qifu Wang, Liang Xia, and Zhaohui Xia. 2024. Designing brittle fracture-resistant structures:A tensile strain
energy-minimized topology optimization. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 432,
(December 2024), 117329. [Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate
Wenke Qiu,
Qifu Wang, Liang Xia, and Zhaohui Xia. 2024. Designing brittle fracture-resistant structures:A tensile strain
energy-minimized topology optimization. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 432,
(December 2024), 117329. [Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate
※ 刘健力, 范洪硕,
聂涛, 余金桂, 王书亭, and 夏兆辉. 2024. 基于高导热性能微结构的等几何拓扑优化. 计算机辅助设计与图形学学报 (2024). [Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate
刘健力, 范洪硕,
聂涛, 余金桂, 王书亭, and 夏兆辉. 2024. 基于高导热性能微结构的等几何拓扑优化. 计算机辅助设计与图形学学报 (2024). [Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate
#2023
※ Yingjun
Wang, Mi Xiao, Zhaohui Xia, Peigen Li, and Liang Gao. 2023. From Computer-Aided Design (CAD) Toward Human-Aided
Design (HAD): An Isogeometric Topology Optimization Approach. Engineering 22, (March 2023), 94–105. [Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate
Yingjun
Wang, Mi Xiao, Zhaohui Xia, Peigen Li, and Liang Gao. 2023. From Computer-Aided Design (CAD) Toward Human-Aided
Design (HAD): An Isogeometric Topology Optimization Approach. Engineering 22, (March 2023), 94–105. [Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate
※ Wenke Qiu,
Qifu Wang, Liang Gao, and Zhaohui Xia. 2023. Stress-based evolutionary topology optimization via XIGA with
explicit geometric boundaries. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 256, (October 2023), 108512. [Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate
Wenke Qiu,
Qifu Wang, Liang Gao, and Zhaohui Xia. 2023. Stress-based evolutionary topology optimization via XIGA with
explicit geometric boundaries. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 256, (October 2023), 108512. [Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate
※ Zhaohui
Xia, Baichuan Gao, Chen Yu, Haotian Han, Haobo Zhang, and Shuting Wang. 2023. A Hybrid Parallel Strategy for
Isogeometric Topology Optimization via CPU/GPU Heterogeneous Computing. Computer Modeling in Engineering &
Sciences 138, 2 (2023), 1103–1137.
[Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate
Zhaohui
Xia, Baichuan Gao, Chen Yu, Haotian Han, Haobo Zhang, and Shuting Wang. 2023. A Hybrid Parallel Strategy for
Isogeometric Topology Optimization via CPU/GPU Heterogeneous Computing. Computer Modeling in Engineering &
Sciences 138, 2 (2023), 1103–1137.
[Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate
※ Zhaohui
Xia, Haobo Zhang, Ziao Zhuang, Chen Yu, Jingui Yu, and Liang Gao. 2023. A machine-learning framework for
isogeometric topology optimization. Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization 66, 4 (March 2023), 83. [Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate
Zhaohui
Xia, Haobo Zhang, Ziao Zhuang, Chen Yu, Jingui Yu, and Liang Gao. 2023. A machine-learning framework for
isogeometric topology optimization. Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization 66, 4 (March 2023), 83. [Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate
※ 夏兆辉, 刘健力,
高百川, 聂涛, 余琛, 陈龙, and 余金桂. 2023. 面向多尺度拓扑优化的渐进均匀化GPU并行算法研究. 浙江大学学报(理学版) 50, 6 (2023), 722–735.
[Download]
[PDF File] ResearchGate
夏兆辉, 刘健力,
高百川, 聂涛, 余琛, 陈龙, and 余金桂. 2023. 面向多尺度拓扑优化的渐进均匀化GPU并行算法研究. 浙江大学学报(理学版) 50, 6 (2023), 722–735.
[Download]
[PDF File] ResearchGate
#Earlier
※ Berk
Cetinsaya, Mark A. Gromski, Sangrock Lee, Zhaohui Xia, Doga Demirel, Tansel Halic, Coskun Bayrak, Cullen Jackson,
Suvranu De, Sudeep Hegde, Jonah Cohen, Mandeep Sawhney, Stavros N. Stavropoulos, and Daniel B. Jones. 2019. A task
and performance analysis of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) surgery. Surgical Endoscopy 33, 2
(February 2019), 592–606. [Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate
Berk
Cetinsaya, Mark A. Gromski, Sangrock Lee, Zhaohui Xia, Doga Demirel, Tansel Halic, Coskun Bayrak, Cullen Jackson,
Suvranu De, Sudeep Hegde, Jonah Cohen, Mandeep Sawhney, Stavros N. Stavropoulos, and Daniel B. Jones. 2019. A task
and performance analysis of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) surgery. Surgical Endoscopy 33, 2
(February 2019), 592–606. [Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate
※ Berk
Cetinsaya, Mark A. Gromski, Sangrock Lee, Zhaohui Xia, Melih Turkseven, Doga Demirel, Tansel Halic, Coskun Bayrak,
Cullen Jackson, Suvranu De, Jonah Cohen, Mandeep Sawhney, and Daniel B. Jones. 2017. Design of Virtual Endoluminal
Surgery Simulator (VESS): Colorectal Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection Training Module: 809. Official journal of
the American College of Gastroenterology | ACG 112, (October 2017), S452.
[Download]
[PDF File] ResearchGate
Berk
Cetinsaya, Mark A. Gromski, Sangrock Lee, Zhaohui Xia, Melih Turkseven, Doga Demirel, Tansel Halic, Coskun Bayrak,
Cullen Jackson, Suvranu De, Jonah Cohen, Mandeep Sawhney, and Daniel B. Jones. 2017. Design of Virtual Endoluminal
Surgery Simulator (VESS): Colorectal Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection Training Module: 809. Official journal of
the American College of Gastroenterology | ACG 112, (October 2017), S452.
[Download]
[PDF File] ResearchGate
※ Chao Dong,
Jingui Yu, Liang Xu, Zhaohui Xia, and Qiaoxin Zhang. 2020. Tension–compression asymmetry of bilayer Ni/Ni3Al
affected by dislocation formation–decomposition and twinning size. Materials Express 10, 2 (February 2020),
165–176. [Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate
Chao Dong,
Jingui Yu, Liang Xu, Zhaohui Xia, and Qiaoxin Zhang. 2020. Tension–compression asymmetry of bilayer Ni/Ni3Al
affected by dislocation formation–decomposition and twinning size. Materials Express 10, 2 (February 2020),
165–176. [Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate
※ X. W. Gao,
A. H.-D. Cheng, and C. A. Brebbia. 2013. Boundary Elements and Other Mesh Reduction Methods XXXVI. WIT
Press.
X. W. Gao,
A. H.-D. Cheng, and C. A. Brebbia. 2013. Boundary Elements and Other Mesh Reduction Methods XXXVI. WIT
Press.※ Sudeep
Hegde, Mark A. Gromski, Tansel Halic, Melih Turkseven, Zhaohui Xia, Berk Çetinsaya, Mandeep S. Sawhney, Daniel B.
Jones, Suvranu De, and Cullen D. Jackson. 2020. Endoscopic submucosal dissection: a cognitive task analysis
framework toward training design. Surgical Endoscopy 34, 2 (February 2020), 728–741. [Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate
Sudeep
Hegde, Mark A. Gromski, Tansel Halic, Melih Turkseven, Zhaohui Xia, Berk Çetinsaya, Mandeep S. Sawhney, Daniel B.
Jones, Suvranu De, and Cullen D. Jackson. 2020. Endoscopic submucosal dissection: a cognitive task analysis
framework toward training design. Surgical Endoscopy 34, 2 (February 2020), 728–741. [Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate
※ Chao Mei,
Qifu Wang, Chen Yu, and Zhaohui Xia. 2020. IGA Based Bi-Layer Fiber Angle Optimization Method for Variable
Stiffness Composites. Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 124, 1 (2020), 179–202. [Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate
Chao Mei,
Qifu Wang, Chen Yu, and Zhaohui Xia. 2020. IGA Based Bi-Layer Fiber Angle Optimization Method for Variable
Stiffness Composites. Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 124, 1 (2020), 179–202. [Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate
※ Chao Mei,
Qifu Wang, Chen Yu, and Zhaohui Xia. 2021. An XBi-CFAO Method for the Optimization of Multi-Layered Variable
Stiffness Composites Using Isogeometric Analysis. Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 129, 2
(2021), 627–659. [Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate
Chao Mei,
Qifu Wang, Chen Yu, and Zhaohui Xia. 2021. An XBi-CFAO Method for the Optimization of Multi-Layered Variable
Stiffness Composites Using Isogeometric Analysis. Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 129, 2
(2021), 627–659. [Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate
※ Wenke Qiu,
Qifu Wang, Liang Gao, and Zhaohui Xia. 2022. Evolutionary topology optimization for continuum structures using
isogeometric analysis. Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization 65, 4 (March 2022), 121. [Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate
Wenke Qiu,
Qifu Wang, Liang Gao, and Zhaohui Xia. 2022. Evolutionary topology optimization for continuum structures using
isogeometric analysis. Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization 65, 4 (March 2022), 121. [Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate
※ Adam
Ryason, Emil R Petrusa, Uwe Kruger, Zhaohui Xia, Vanessa T. Wong, Daniel B. Jones, Suvranu De, and Stephanie B.
Jones. 2020. Development of an Endotracheal Intubation Formative Assessment Tool. The Journal of Education in
Perioperative Medicine : JEPM 22, 1 (January 2020). Retrieved February 3, 2021 from [Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate
Adam
Ryason, Emil R Petrusa, Uwe Kruger, Zhaohui Xia, Vanessa T. Wong, Daniel B. Jones, Suvranu De, and Stephanie B.
Jones. 2020. Development of an Endotracheal Intubation Formative Assessment Tool. The Journal of Education in
Perioperative Medicine : JEPM 22, 1 (January 2020). Retrieved February 3, 2021 from [Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate
※ Jinchuan
Shen, Jinjie Zhou, Gang Zhao, Caiyun Gong, Jingui Yu, Zhaohui Xia, and Fankai Xian. 2022. Attenuation of the
Bauschinger effect and enhancement of tension–compression asymmetry in single crystal aluminum by temperature.
RSC Advances 12, 33 (July 2022), 21235–21246.
[Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate
Jinchuan
Shen, Jinjie Zhou, Gang Zhao, Caiyun Gong, Jingui Yu, Zhaohui Xia, and Fankai Xian. 2022. Attenuation of the
Bauschinger effect and enhancement of tension–compression asymmetry in single crystal aluminum by temperature.
RSC Advances 12, 33 (July 2022), 21235–21246.
[Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate
※ Yingjun
Wang, Xiaowei Deng, Qifu Wang, Zhaohui Xia, and Hua Xu. 2015. Boundary Condition Related Mixed Boundary Element
and its Application in FMBEM for 3D Elastostatic Problem. International Journal of Computational Methods
12, 5 (May 2015), 1550029. [Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate
Yingjun
Wang, Xiaowei Deng, Qifu Wang, Zhaohui Xia, and Hua Xu. 2015. Boundary Condition Related Mixed Boundary Element
and its Application in FMBEM for 3D Elastostatic Problem. International Journal of Computational Methods
12, 5 (May 2015), 1550029. [Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate
※ Yingjun
Wang, Zhongyuan Liao, Ming Ye, Yu Zhang, Weihua Li, and Zhaohui Xia. 2020. An efficient isogeometric topology
optimization using multilevel mesh, MGCG and local-update strategy. Advances in Engineering Software 139,
(January 2020), 102733. [Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate
Yingjun
Wang, Zhongyuan Liao, Ming Ye, Yu Zhang, Weihua Li, and Zhaohui Xia. 2020. An efficient isogeometric topology
optimization using multilevel mesh, MGCG and local-update strategy. Advances in Engineering Software 139,
(January 2020), 102733. [Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate
※ Yixiong
Wei, Qifu Wang, Yunbao Huang, Yingjun Wang, and Zhaohui Xia. 2015. Acceleration of free-vibrations analysis with
the Dual Reciprocity BEM based on ℋ-matrices and CUDA. Engineering Computations 32, 2 (April 2015),
211–233. [Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate
Yixiong
Wei, Qifu Wang, Yunbao Huang, Yingjun Wang, and Zhaohui Xia. 2015. Acceleration of free-vibrations analysis with
the Dual Reciprocity BEM based on ℋ-matrices and CUDA. Engineering Computations 32, 2 (April 2015),
211–233. [Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate
※ Zhaohui
Xia, Baichuan Gao, Jingui Yu, Siyu Wu, and F.A. Essa. 2022. Molecular dynamics study of nano-cutting mechanical
properties and microstructural evolution behavior of Ni/Ni3Al phase structure. Journal of Materials Research
and Technology 19, (July 2022), 2447–2457.
[Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate
Zhaohui
Xia, Baichuan Gao, Jingui Yu, Siyu Wu, and F.A. Essa. 2022. Molecular dynamics study of nano-cutting mechanical
properties and microstructural evolution behavior of Ni/Ni3Al phase structure. Journal of Materials Research
and Technology 19, (July 2022), 2447–2457.
[Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate
※ Zhaohui
Xia, Zhihao He, Qifu Wang, and Yingjun Wang. 2020. A New Finite Element Model with Manufactured Error for
AdditiveManufacturing. Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 124, 2 (2020), 703–720. [Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate
Zhaohui
Xia, Zhihao He, Qifu Wang, and Yingjun Wang. 2020. A New Finite Element Model with Manufactured Error for
AdditiveManufacturing. Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 124, 2 (2020), 703–720. [Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate
※ Zhaohui
Xia, Lei Qin, Zhen Ning, and Xingyu Zhang. 2022. Deep learning time series prediction models in surveillance data
of hepatitis incidence in China. PLOS ONE 17, 4 (April 2022), e0265660. [Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate
Zhaohui
Xia, Lei Qin, Zhen Ning, and Xingyu Zhang. 2022. Deep learning time series prediction models in surveillance data
of hepatitis incidence in China. PLOS ONE 17, 4 (April 2022), e0265660. [Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate
※ Zhaohui
Xia, Qifu Wang, Yunbao Huang, Wei Yixiong, and Yingjun Wang. 2014. Parallel Strategy of FMBEM for 3D Elastostatics
and its GPU Implementation Using CUDA. August 2014.
[Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate
Zhaohui
Xia, Qifu Wang, Yunbao Huang, Wei Yixiong, and Yingjun Wang. 2014. Parallel Strategy of FMBEM for 3D Elastostatics
and its GPU Implementation Using CUDA. August 2014.
[Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate
※ Zhaohui
Xia, Qifu Wang, Yunhua Liu, Yingjun Wang, and Yixiong Wei. 2013. M2L optimization in FMBEM and its GPU
implementation. October 2013. Dalian, China, 307–319.
[Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate
Zhaohui
Xia, Qifu Wang, Yunhua Liu, Yingjun Wang, and Yixiong Wei. 2013. M2L optimization in FMBEM and its GPU
implementation. October 2013. Dalian, China, 307–319.
[Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate
※ Zhaohui
Xia, Yingjun Wang, Qifu Wang, and Chao Mei. 2017. GPU parallel strategy for parameterized LSM-based topology
optimization using isogeometric analysis. Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization 56, 2 (August
2017), 413–434. [Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate
Zhaohui
Xia, Yingjun Wang, Qifu Wang, and Chao Mei. 2017. GPU parallel strategy for parameterized LSM-based topology
optimization using isogeometric analysis. Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization 56, 2 (August
2017), 413–434. [Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate
※ Xianda
Xie, Shuting Wang, Ming Ye, Zhaohui Xia, Wei Zhao, Ning Jiang, and Manman Xu. 2020. Isogeometric topology
optimization based on energy penalization for symmetric structure. Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 15,
1 (March 2020), 100–122. [Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate
Xianda
Xie, Shuting Wang, Ming Ye, Zhaohui Xia, Wei Zhao, Ning Jiang, and Manman Xu. 2020. Isogeometric topology
optimization based on energy penalization for symmetric structure. Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 15,
1 (March 2020), 100–122. [Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate
※ Chen Yu,
Qifu Wang, Chao Mei, and Zhaohui Xia. 2020. An efficient multiscale concurrent design method using fitting
function. International Journal of Materials and Product Technology 61, 2–4 (January 2020), 202–227. [Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate
Chen Yu,
Qifu Wang, Chao Mei, and Zhaohui Xia. 2020. An efficient multiscale concurrent design method using fitting
function. International Journal of Materials and Product Technology 61, 2–4 (January 2020), 202–227. [Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate
※ Chen Yu,
Qifu Wang, Chao Mei, and Zhaohui Xia. 2020. Multiscale Isogeometric Topology Optimization with Unified Structural
Skeleton. Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 122, 3 (March 2020), 779–804. [Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate
Chen Yu,
Qifu Wang, Chao Mei, and Zhaohui Xia. 2020. Multiscale Isogeometric Topology Optimization with Unified Structural
Skeleton. Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 122, 3 (March 2020), 779–804. [Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate
※ Chen Yu,
Qifu Wang, Zhaohui Xia, Yingjun Wang, Chao Mei, and Yunhua Liu. 2022. Multiscale topology optimization for graded
cellular structures based on level set surface cutting. Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization 65, 1
(January 2022), 32. [Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate
Chen Yu,
Qifu Wang, Zhaohui Xia, Yingjun Wang, Chao Mei, and Yunhua Liu. 2022. Multiscale topology optimization for graded
cellular structures based on level set surface cutting. Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization 65, 1
(January 2022), 32. [Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate
※ Yongfeng
Zheng, Baoshou Liu, Wenjun Chen, Zhaohui Xia, and Chuanzeng Zhang. 2022. Topology optimization of hierarchical
structures based on floating projection. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 231, (October 2022),
107595. [Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate
Yongfeng
Zheng, Baoshou Liu, Wenjun Chen, Zhaohui Xia, and Chuanzeng Zhang. 2022. Topology optimization of hierarchical
structures based on floating projection. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 231, (October 2022),
107595. [Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate
※ 2018.
Scientific Session of the 16th World Congress of Endoscopic Surgery, Jointly Hosted by Society of American
Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES) & Canadian Association of General Surgeons (CAGS), Seattle,
Washington, USA, 11–14 April 2018: Poster Abstracts. In Surgical Endoscopy, April 2018. 130–359. [Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate
2018.
Scientific Session of the 16th World Congress of Endoscopic Surgery, Jointly Hosted by Society of American
Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES) & Canadian Association of General Surgeons (CAGS), Seattle,
Washington, USA, 11–14 April 2018: Poster Abstracts. In Surgical Endoscopy, April 2018. 130–359. [Download] [PDF File] ResearchGate